HLB 14 = 2.8Įstimated HLB for emulsifier system. The required HLB of the combination can be calculated as follows: The product might be 30% mineral spirits, 50% cottonseed oil and 20% chlorinated paraffin to be emulsified in water. Suppose you are making an O/W emulsion textile lubricant. Remember, you can blend emulsifiers to make any HLB you want, and blends usually work best. Do not make the mistake of assuming, from this preliminary working data, that you should immediately try all single emulsifiers in the catalog that have an HLB of 10 for your paraffin emulsion. You would be wasting time to try emulsifier blends atHLB 8 or 13, for example, unless you might happen to be looking for a particular quality other than stability in your emulsion. However, you can be assured that when you are working with any certain family of emulsifiers, you will obtain optimum results more quickly if you work in the area of HLB 10, say ± 1. It does not mean that every emulsifier or blend having an HLB of 10 will “work” - you might have an “HLB 10” emulsifier of the “wrong” chemical family (wrong for this purpose, at least). This means that an emulsifier, or blend of emulsifiers, having an HLB of 10 will make a more stable fluid O/W paraffin emulsion than emulsifiers of any other HLB value. Through long experience in using the HLB System, we have found that all oils, waxes and other materials likely to be incorporated into emulsions have an individual “Required HLB.” For instance, the required HLB for a fluid O/W, emulsion of paraffin is 10. Before we can select our emulsifiers that we will need, we must know the required HLB of our oil phase. For example, if I wanted to emulsify Soybean Oil, which has a required HLB of 7, I would need to use an emulsifier or blend of emulsifiers that had a HLB of 7☑. According to the HLB System, all fats and oils have a Required HLB. The HLB of emulsifiers can be calculated or determined through trial and error. The balance of these two portions of the emulsifier gives us the Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB). Therefore, an emulsifier has a hydrophilic part and a lipophilic part. The other part of the emulsifier molecule is lipophilic if “lipo-” means fat or oil, then lipophilic means oil-loving. The water-loving part is called hydrophilic “hydro” means water and “philic” means to love or like. An emulsifier molecule has one part that loves water and one part that loves oil. Nonionic emulsifiers also have two poles or parts. A bar magnet has a north pole and a south pole. All emulsifiers have two parts like a bar magnet. We have hundreds of water droplets surrounded by oil. In the water in oil emulsions, we have the opposite situation. In oil in water emulsions, we have hundreds of tiny oil droplets surrounded by water. Most emulsions fall into two different classes, oil in water emulsions and water in oil emulsions. An emulsion is a system of two (or more) immiscible materials (usually liquids) in which one material (the dispersed/ internal phase) is suspended or dispersed throughout another material (the continuous/external phase) in separate droplets. The Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of a surfactant is a measure of the degree to which it is hydrophilic or lipophilic, determined by calculating values for the different regions of the molecule.īriefly, the HLB System enables you to assign a number to the ingredient or combination of ingredients you want to emulsify, and then to choose an emulsifier or blend of emulsifiers having this same number.
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